Prevalence of type2 diabetes, its associated complications and risk factors in District Dera Ismail Khan-Pakistan
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Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects millions of people worldwide and is associated with several complications that can lead to severe health problems. Objectives of the study were to investigate the age-wise, gender-wise prevalence of diabetes, its risk factors in district Dera Ismail Khan and aimed to examine several diabetic complications by gathering pertinent information about the patients, such as their name, age, gender, height, weight, age of onset, family history of the illness, and any other visceral organ problems. A total of 600 subjects were included in the study and blood samples were collected randomly through a disposable syringe, from different tehsils of district Dera Ismail Khan. Blood glucose levels were analyzed using glucose reagent and a chemistry analyzer machine. The collected data was analyzed using statistical tools like SPSS. Total prevalence of diabetes was found 38%, indicating that diabetes had reached epidemic proportions in the area and the majority of diabetic patients were between the ages 41 to 60 years due to obesity, improper diet, and sedentary lifestyle. Combined therapy was found to be the most effective treatment for controlling blood glucose levels. The study also found that diabetic retinopathy was present in 28.5% of diabetic patients, with men being more prone to ocular disorders than women. Overall, this study highlights the urgent need for diabetes prevention and management in the Dera Ismail Khan district, as healthy lifestyle, regular screening and early detection can help reduce the burden of diabetes, its associated complications on individuals and society.
Keywords: Blood glucose level; Complications; Diabetic Retinopathy; Obesity; Prevention