29. Effect of irrigation levels and seed rates on wheat production
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Abstract
An experiment was carried out at Agricultural Research Station, Serai Nourang (District Bannu), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan to study the effect of irrigation levels and seed rates on wheat production. Experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement having four replications. Five irrigation levels (IL1 = 120, IL2 = 230, IL3 = 360, IL4 = 470 and IL5 = 600 mm) were allotted to main plots. While seed rates (SR1 = 60, SR2 = 80, SR3 = 100, SR4 = 120 and SR5 = 140 kg ha-1) were allocated to sub plots. The sub plot size was 4 x 1.8 m2 consisted six rows 30 cm apart. The fertilizer dose of 120 kg N ha-1 and 90 kg N ha-1 was applied in the form of Urea and DAP. Data recorded from the irrigation treatments revealed that maximum tillers m-2 (362), grains spike-1 (64), leaf area index (4.24), 1000-grains weight (43.19 g), grain yield (3130 kg ha-1), biological yield (13167 kg ha-1), net income (Rs. 44283), BCR (3.71%) and MRR (370.82%) was noted in plots irrigated with 470 mm water. Regarding seed rates, maximum tillers m-2 (346), grains spike-1 (62), leaf area index (4.08), 1000-grains weight (43.15 g), grain yield (3160 kg ha-1), biological yield (10403 kg ha-1), net income (Rs. 39967), BCR (3.46 %) and MRR (345.95%) was recorded in plots seeded with 120 kg ha-1. In case of interaction between irrigation and seed rates, an increase was observed in tillers m-2, grains spike-1, leaf area index, 1000-grains weight, grain yield, biological yield, net income, BCR and MRR up to 120 kg ha-1 as seed rate and 470 mm water as irrigation. It was concluded that irrigation up to 470 mm and 120 kg ha-1 seed rate gave better results and therefore recommended for better production of wheat.
Keywords: Wheat; Irrigation levels; Seed rates; Economical analysis