02. Influence of farm yard manure and phosphorus application on yield and yield components of Wheat
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Abstract
To quantify the effect of farm yard manure (FYM) and phosphorus levels application on growth, yield and yield components of wheat, the experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm The University of Agriculture Peshawar, during 2013- 2014. Randomized complete block design was used having split plot arrangement with three replications. Varieties were allotted to main plots, whereas FYM rates (2, 4 and 6 tons ha-1) and phosphorus levels (30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1) were allotted to sub plots. FYM and phosphorus levels significantly affected the plant height, days to anthesis, number of grains spike-1, number of productive tillers m-2, number of unproductive tillers m-2, days to physiological maturity, thousand grain weight (g), grain yield kg ha-1, biological yield kg ha-1, and harvest index (%) of wheat varieties. Maximum number of days to anthesis (136), plant height (102 cm), number of productive tillers m-2 (324), number of unproductive tillers m-2 (14), days to physiological maturity (172), number of grain spike-1 (53 grains), thousand grains weight (50 g), grain yield (4552 kg ha-1), biological yield (12802 kg ha-1) and harvest index (39%) were recorded in the plots treated with FYM at the rate of 6 tons ha-1, whereas the 90 kg ha-1 phosphorus gave maximum plant height (98 cm), days to anthesis (136), number of productive tillers m-2 (311), number of unproductive tillers m-2 (14), days to physiological maturity (172), number of grains spike-1(51 grains), thousand grains weight (48 g), biological yield (12250 kg ha-1), grain yield (4372kg ha-1) and harvest index (40 %). Variety Atta Habib performs better than Siran 2010. Interaction between FYM and phosphorus were significantly affected the plant height, days to physiological maturity, grain yield. Maximum plant height (106 cm), days to physiological maturity (177), grain yield (4619 kg ha-1) were recorded in plots treated with FYM at the rate of 6 tons ha-1 and 90 kg ha-1 phosphorus. It was concluded that FYM and phosphorus at the rate of 6 tons ha-1 and 90 kg ha-1 significantly enhanced the production of wheat.
Keywords: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); Varieties; FYM rates; Phosphorus levels; Yield and yield components