01. Current status of Ulmus wallichiana: Himalayan endangered Elm
Abstract
Ulmus wallichiana is important traditional and endangered plant species of western Himalaya used for treatment of fractured bones in animals as well as human being. The U. wallichiana (Planchon) is a mountain tree ranging from central Nuristan in Afghanistan, through Northern Pakistan and Northern India to western Nepal at elevations from 800 m to 3000 m. In Pakistan restricted to Nandiar and Hillian sub valleys of district Battagram between 1300 to 2000 m., U. wallichana is found in spruce pine, temperate and lower temperate forest area. The Himalayan Elm grows to 30 m tall, with a broad crown featuring several ascending branches. Mostly flowers exist in a clusters form on branches and maximum flowering offers during March. A strong fibre is obtained from the inner bark. Plant is used for cordage, slow matches and sandals. Chemical investigation of U. wallichiana revealed flavonoides present in stem bark. In IUCN red list U. wallichiana falls in vulnerable category. However, U. wallichiana falls under criteria D of critically endangered species in Pakistan as only 44 mature individuals were found in different parts of district Battagram. There are number of threats responsible for decrease in U. wallichiana number in western Himalayan which may include deforestation, over exploitation and climate changes. Conservation strategies need to follow and improve number of U. wallichiana number. U. wallichiana has the potential to prevent and treat osteoporosis, so an attempt should be made to conserve this important plant species with possible ant osteoporosis properties.
Keywords: Endangered elm, Osteoporosis, Ulmus wallichiana, Western Himalaya
